Muzej grada Kaštela



ARCHEOLOGY   DEPARTMENT

Employees:
Ivanka Kamenjarin, senior curator, head of department
Ivan Šuta, senior curator
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PREHISTORIC COLLECTION
MUJO’S CAVE

Mujo’s Cave holds the oldest traces of man presence and its activity in Dalmatia. This site is positioned northwestern from Kaštela, not far from the road that leads to Labin. The cave was systematically researched from 1995 to 2003 by the Museum of the Town of Kaštela and Archeology Department at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University in Zagreb. Handicrafts that belong to Mousterian culture were found here (200 000 – 30 000 years before today).

They made specific and in relation to their predecessors, more sophisticated stone tools such as scraping tools (tools with processed one or more of their edges), concave tools (tools with one or more hollows) and indented tools (tools that are indented). No remains of an Early Man were found on the site. Mujo’s Cave was not accidentally used as a habitat in the middle Paleolithic. We assume there should have been drinking water in the vicinity, which might have run near the cave, the relief around the cave indicates so. The cave is bright, it has sheltered right niche and smaller front-cave space, what makes this space comfortable for living. As soon as one climbs to the cave, what is not easy at all, its “strategic” position becomes obvious. The climate was in general colder than today and the sea level was lower. The Kaštela’s Bay was mainland then. Vegetation changed due to climate oscillations. Analyses of fossil pollen from the layers indicate the open surroundings with rare trees and bushes and as for the traces of trees the pine and spruce pollen were found. The Early Man from Mujo’s Cave would have hit the pebble or the part of some hard rock to the pebble or block of chevron and in this way he would cut the stones. Communities of Dalmatian Early Men, which were probably Neanderthals, occupied Mujo’s Cave many times from 45 000 and 39 000 years before today. That is approximately 90 000 years after the existence of Krapina Early Man and maybe it was the same time as the existence of one group of Neanderthals from Vindija occurred. The Early Man from Mujo0s Cave fed on prairie bisons, prehistoric cattle, bucks, chamois and ibexes. All this testifies to high level of intelligence, adaptable agility and developed social relations in the middle Paleolithic, what largely contrasted to a stereotype of Early Man as dumb villain and primitive man.